A review of medicinal uses and pharmacological effects of Mentha piperita

Mentha piperita Linn. emend. Huds. is widely used in food, cosmetics and medicines. It has been proven helpful in symptomatic relief of the common cold. It may also decrease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and decrease digestive symptoms such as dyspepsia and nausea, although more research is needed. It is used topically as an analgesic and to treat headaches. Though M. piperita is on the FDA’s GRAS (Generally recognized as safe) list but herb has few side effects. The peppermint oil can cause heartburn or perianal irritation, and is contraindicated in patients with bile duct obstruction, gallbladder inflammation and severe liver damage, and caution should be taken in patients with GI reflux. Menthol products should not be used directly under the nose of small children and infants due to the risk of apnoea.